2020-2021 Academic Catalog [ARCHIVED CATALOG]
Courses of Instruction
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European History |
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HST 217 - Revolution & the Birth of Modern Europe (c. 1787-1900) 1 course unit
A comparative overview of an era of violently dramatic change, one marked by an unprecedented incidence of revolution and reaction across the European continent. Monarchs were overthrown and restored, then overthrown again. Republics were founded and unmade. Liberalism and Socialism posed new challenges to the Old Order, but Conservatives found new means to preserve their political and social dominion. Millions lost their lives in these struggles. A new mass society was forming, seemingly founded on the twin pillars of growing economic prosperity for most and new respect for the rule of law, founded on political pluralism. Yet at the height of its apparent progress, Europe stood on the brink of its self-destruction.
Meets general academic requirement HU.
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HST 247 - Civil War, Holocaust, Crisis: Europe 1900-1945 1 course unit
Though the twentieth century began with great promise for a peaceful and prosperous future for more and more Europeans, its first fifty years were instead decades of tragedy and slaughter: an era dominated by two world wars and the Holocaust. The course will examine the political, social, economic, intellectual, and cultural history of Europe from 1900-1945. Students will pay particular attention to the great conflict of ideas (Communism, Fascism, Democracy, Capitalism) that created what many Europeans consider to be a European-wide civil war stretching across the period.
Meets general academic requirement HU.
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HST 249, 250 - From Cold War to Unification: Europe 1945-Present 1 course unit
After World War II, Europe emerged a divided continent, a series of weak states allied to two rival superpowers. The course examines the political and ideological struggle that divided Europe and the social and economic forces at work beneath the surface that brought Europeans together in the wake of the Second World War. Drawing heavily on the use of European cinema, students will pay particular attention to the development of European culture and the cultural construction of social experience.
Meets general academic requirement HU (and W when offered as 250).
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HST 251, 252 - Foundations of the British Peoples to c. 1485 1 course unit
This course surveys the prehistory and early history of Great Britain and Ireland. It focuses on the formation of the English and Scottish monarchies and on the interactions of the English, Irish, Scottish, and Welsh peoples from early times until the early modern period. Some emphasis will be placed on the development of government and law in England during this period.
Meets Department pre-Modern Requirement
Meets general academic requirement HU (and W when offered as 252).
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HST 253, 254 - From England to the United Kingdom: c. 1399-c. 1800 1 course unit
This course emphasizes the consolidation of national monarchies in England and Scotland, as contrasted with the politically subordinate position of Ireland, and the often conflicted interactions of their peoples. The effects of the Reformation, seventeenth century constitutional conflicts stemming from the Anglo-Scottish dynastic union of 1603, the growth of an English/British Empire, and the subordination of Scotland (1701) and Ireland (1800) to England are all principal themes, as is the impact of the American and French Revolutions.
Meets Department pre-Modern Requirement
Meets general academic requirement HU (and W when offered as 254).
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HST 255, 256 - The British Empire/Commonwealth: Rise & Decline, c. 1760-c. 2000 1 course unit
This course focuses on Britain’s period of imperial hegemony, roughly from the Napoleonic Wars to the aftermath of World War II. In addition to Britain’s changing international role and influence, the course treats the reforms of the 1820s and 1830s which created the governing institutions of modern Britain and looks at the slow unraveling of the “United” Kingdom in the twentieth century and its ambivalent position in the European Union today and tomorrow.
Meets general academic requirement HU (and W when offered as 256).
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HST 263 - Imperial Russia 1 course unit
This course surveys the history of Russia in the Imperial period, from Peter the Great to the Revolutions of 1917. The development of the Russian state and Russian society and the influence of Western Europe are major themes.
Meets general academic requirement HU.
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HST 265 - Soviet Russia 1 course unit
This course covers the Russian Revolution and the development of the Soviet State and its decline and fall.
Meets general academic requirement HU.
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HST 307, 308 - Orthodox Christianity: A Root of Russia 1 course unit
This course is a study of the history, doctrine, theology, and life of the Russian Orthodox Church and other Eastern Orthodox communities. Attention will be given to the interaction of religion and culture in these societies, the Orthodox Church, and other Eastern Orthodox communities.
Meets general academic requirement HU (and W when offered as 308).
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HST 315, 316 - Renaissance 1 course unit
The course concentrates on the Italian Renaissance of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries and the Northern Renaissance of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Particular emphasis is given to the cultural, intellectual, and religious developments of that epoch.
Meets Department pre-Modern Requirement
Meets general academic requirement HU (and W when offered as 316).
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HST 317, 318 - Reformation 1 course unit
Both the Protestant and Catholic Reformations are studied from primary sources. The course progresses from an examination of the origins and causes of the Reformation to a consideration of the various types of Reformation which occurred in sixteenth century Europe. It concludes with an examination of the impact of the Reformation upon European states and societies down to 1600.
Meets Department pre-Modern Requirement
Meets general academic requirement HU (and W when offered as 318).
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HST 319 - The French Revolution & Napoleon 1 course unit
The French Revolution is perhaps the most important and most studied event in European history. It has been identified as the cause of the modern era’s deepest troubles and greatest triumphs, the root of Europe’s best and worst ideals. This course examines the figures and events of the revolution, particularly its origins, radicalization, and defeat. It explores the relationships between social and political conflict and foreign and domestic policy. Finally, by studying Romantic Nationalist, Marxist, New Social, Revisionist, and more recent interpretations of the Revolution and Napoleon, students will understand historians’ differing interpretations of its most critical turning points and the meaning of historical interpretation.
Meets general academic requirement HU.
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HST 337 - France from Napoleon to the Great War, 1814-1914 1 course unit
In the century between 1814 and 1914, France transformed itself from a land dominated by diverse agrarian traditions to Europe’s most modern and unified nation. At the same time, France lost its Napoleonic mastery of Europe, declined as a great power, and sought a new future along two different paths: Imperialism and democracy. Students will examine the fall of old France: the decline of its monarchy, the frustration of its aristocracy, and the end of peasants’ rural isolation. The course gives particular attention to the rise of a new industrial France: a nation of deepening class divisions and tensions that exploded in four great revolutions.
Meets general academic requirement HU.
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HST 377, 378 - Gender & Sex in European History 1 course unit
Over the past six hundred years, definitions of what it means to be male and female have changed remarkably. This course explores the changing nature of men’s and women’s identities, conditions, social status, and thought, as well as the development of their political, social, and cultural powers from the fifteenth century to our day. Special emphasis is placed on the history of gender in France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, and Russia. The course examines gender as an analytical category, distinguishes gender from sex, and raises our consciousness of gender’s variability. It exposes the forces - cultural, social, economic, and political - that have altered gender in history.
Meets general academic requirement HU (and W when offered as 378).
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Latin American & Caribbean History |
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HST 291 - Colonial Latin America & the Caribbean 1 course unit
Colonial Latin American History begins with the study of the Pre-Columbian era and concludes with the movements of Independence from Portugal and Spain. Course materials introduce students to major themes emerging from Spanish and Portuguese Colonialism in Latin America and the Caribbean, and encourage students to reflect upon the interplay of systems of power with human experience. Topical areas of study include racial and caste systems, sex and gender, religion and spiritual beliefs, slavery and coerced labor, and rebellion and revolution.
Meets Department pre-Modern Requirement
Meets general academic requirement DE and HU.
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HST 293, 294 - Modern Latin America & the Caribbean 1 course unit
This course presents a broad, chronological study of the region known as Latin America and the Caribbean from the nineteenth century to the present day. We will investigate some of the profound transformations and accomplishments throughout the Americas beginning with Independence, and reflect on some of the challenges that Latin America currently faces. This course analyzes patterns of continuity and change around the region, including revolutions, social transformations, and economic growth and decline. Course materials encourage reflection on the interplay of economics and politics with race, gender, and ethnicity throughout the region.
Meets general academic requirement DE and HU (and W when offered as 294).
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HST 359 - Sex, Beauty, and the Body in Brazil and the Caribbean 1 course unit
This course examines Brazilian and Caribbean conceptualizations of sex, beauty and the body during the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Beginning with the theoretical underpinnings of colonialism and the legacies of slavery, we will then examine how contemporary democracies and globalization have formed Afro-Brazilian and Afro-Caribbean identities, particularly among the female population. Major themes include sex work and sex tourism, constructions of beauty and plastic surgery, and the ways in which recent returns to democracy have shaped these actions and decisions.
Meets general academic requirement HU and DE.
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HST 369, 370 - Jewish Latin America & the Caribbean 1 course unit
This course studies the movement of Jewish people from Spain and Portugal to Latin America and the Caribbean, traces the adaptation of Jews and their descendants to multiple environments, and reflects upon the diversity of Jewish communities and traditions across the region. Major themes include Diaspora, Ethnicity, Race, Gender, and Memory. Topics include consolidation of Catholic Spain in 1492, expulsion of Jews from Spain and Portugal, and the Inquisition; the effect of Jews on modern Latin American national identities; and the surge of twentieth century anti-Semitism in political and cultural realms.
Meets general academic requirement DE and HU (and W when offered as 370) .
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HST 371 - The Inquisition 1 course unit
This course explores the origins of the Inquisition, its place in the Spanish Reconquista, and its role in Colonial Spanish and Portuguese America. The institutional dynamics influenced religious, economic, political, and socio-cultural organization - particularly in the New World - and we will trace the diverse investigations of Jews, Africans, Spanish, Portuguese, mestizos, and women. The course relies heavily on inquisitorial records and unearths the prosecution of indigenous idolatry, the persecution of Jews, and the roles of race and gender in tribunal sentencing.
Meets general academic requirement DE and HU.
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HST 373 - Environmental History of Latin America 1 course unit
An overview of environmental issues in the region known as Latin America and the Caribbean since its “discovery” in the early sixteenth century through the present day. This course explores settlement, disease, deforestation, and social inequalities through the lenses of colonialism and the Columbian Exchange, capitalism, and globalism. A variety of topics are considered, including health care, the Amazon, ecotourism, and sexual tourism.
Meets general academic requirement DE and HU.
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HST 375, 376 - Race & Ethnicity in Latin America & the Caribbean 1 course unit
This course examines race and ethnicity within the context of the African Diaspora, Indo-American populations, European Colonialism, and the resulting cultural hybridity of Latin America and the Caribbean. Major themes include the classification of races and ethnicities during the colonial period; forms of labor (slave and coerced) and their relationship to these categories; resistance to colonialism and debates over abolition; and discourses on race, ethnicity, gender, and class in Modern and Revolutionary Latin America and the Caribbean.
Meets general academic requirement DE, HU (and W when offered as 376) and satisfies the IL requirement.
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Middle East History |
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HST 275 - Rise of Islam 1 course unit
This course will explore the period of Middle Eastern History [600-1800 CE] which witnessed the emergence of Islam as a religion, political system, and cultural tradition. Topics include the life and career of Muhammad, the basic tenets of Islam, the Arab Conquests and rise of a unitary Islamic Empire, the Umayyad and Abbasid caliphates, the development of a high Islamic culture, the Mongol invasions and the states that grew in the aftermath of those invasions, the Mamluks of Egypt and Syria, the Ottoman Empire, and the Safavid.
Meets Department pre-Modern Requirement
Meets general academic requirement DE and HU.
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HST 277 - Modern Middle Eastern History 1 course unit
A history of the Middle East in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Topics covered include attempts at reform in the Ottoman Empire and Iran, the impact of developing nationalisms and European imperialism, the impact of World War I and World War II, the emergence of new states, and the Arab/Israeli conflict.
Meets general academic requirement DE and HU.
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HST 295, 296 - Revolutions in the Middle East 1 course unit
“Down with the ruler! Power to the people!” Throughout the twentieth century these calls echoed across the Middle East as Iran, the Ottoman Empire, and Egypt experienced revolutions that sought to remove repressive governments and led to great political, cultural, and social change. While all these revolutionary movements called for greater democracy and often produced constitutional governments, most ended with autocratic rulers who were possibly worse than the kings they overthrew. This course will investigate the history of revolutions in the Middle East, focusing on Iran’s 1905 Constitutional Revolution, the Young Turk Revolution of 1908, Egypt’s anti-British revolution of 1919 and Nasser’s anti-monarch 1952 revolution there, and the 1979 Iranian Revolution which led to the rise of the Islamic Republic.
Meets general academic requirements HU and DE (and W when offered as 296) and is a linked (IL) course.
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HST 297 - Palestine Before Israel 1 course unit
Palestine witnessed many transformations in the half century before the 1948 independence declaration of the State of Israel: a constitutional revolution, a World War, transfer from Ottoman to British imperial rule, waves of settlement, and the emergence of two competing nationalist projects. In this course we will examine these many transformations, investigating topics from the policies of empires to the lived experience of Christians, Jews, and Muslims in a land that all viewed as “holy.”
Meets general academic requirements HU and DE.
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HST 391 - The Mongol Legacy 1 course unit
The Mongol invasions changed the societies of Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and East Asia. The Mongol armies swept away long-established states and introduced new political arrangements and ideologies. This course will investigate the rise and fall of the Mongol world empire with special emphasis on how these developments affected the states and peoples of the Middle East. The conquests of Genghis Khan in the thirteenth century followed a pattern established by earlier Eurasian steppe empires. We will also study the social, cultural, economic, and political aspects of the nomadic invasions. The period of study is bracketed by the rise of the Mongol world empire at one end and the conquests of Tamerlaine at the other.
Meets Department pre-Modern Requirement
Meets general academic requirements DE and HU.
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HST 393 - The Arab-Israeli Conflict 1 course unit
Every day the news is filled with stories of the violent struggle between Israel and the Arabs. This course will examine the origins and development of that conflict. We will discuss a range of topics, including the emergence of Zionism, pan-Arabism and Palestinian nationalism, the wars between Israel and the Arab states, the rise of terrorist groups, the role of the world community and especially the United States, and the continuing efforts to find a peaceful settlement to the region’s problems. Particular emphasis will be placed on the diversity of perspectives regarding the conflict, its history, and potential solutions.
Meets general academic requirements DE and HU.
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HST 395 - Sultans, Harems, & Slaves: The Ottoman Empire 1 course unit
This course will examine the history of the Ottoman Empire from its rise in the mid-fourteenth century to its demise in the early twentieth century. We will trace the development of the Ottoman state from a small warrior principality on the frontiers of Byzantium to a multi-ethnic, multi-religious world empire ruling the Middle East, Southeast Europe, and the Mediterranean. We will consider Ottoman state institutions; relations with other states, Muslim and Christian; minority rights and communal conflict; the impact of the rise of the European Great Powers; the development of nationalisms; and the emergence of national successor states in all regions of the former empire.
Meets Department pre-Modern Requirement
Meets general academic requirements DE and HU.
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HST 397 - Women in the Middle East 1 course unit
This course surveys the history of women in the Middle East from the advent of Islam in the seventh century to the present. We will investigate the role of women in Islam as a religion and examine the range of women’s experience in different periods and places in the Islamic Middle East. Topics may include the role of women in pre-Islamic Arabia, family law in Islam, the status of women in Islamic societies, Muslim women, and the effects of secularism, nationalism, socialism, and fundamentalism in the modern period.
Meets general academic requirement DE and HU.
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United States History |
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HST 221 - Colonial America 1 course unit
An examination of the peoples, places, and regions of early America from 1492 to 1763. Specifically, this course focuses on the interaction of Indian, European, and African peoples, the transformation of European (Spanish, French, Dutch, and English) colonies from frontier outposts to thriving communities, and the rise and eventual cultural and economic domination of British North America.
Meets Department pre-Modern Requirement
Meets general academic requirement HU.
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HST 223 - Revolutionary America 1 course unit
An examination of the political, economic, and cultural causes, contexts, and outcomes of the American Revolution, 1763-1800. Specifically, this course investigates the origins of the conflict in eighteenth century colonial America, its impact upon various peoples (White, African American, Indian, male and female) and the regions (New England, Mid-Atlantic, and South), and its eventual resolution in the political and social workings of the Confederation and Constitutional eras.
Meets Department pre-Modern Requirement
Meets general academic requirement HU .
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HST 225 - Nineteenth Century America 1 course unit
A political and social history of the United States from 1815 to the Populists. The course will emphasize the key political developments of our nation’s first century and the social contexts in which they occurred.
Meets general academic requirement HU.
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HST 227, 228 - Twentieth Century America to 1945 1 course unit
An examination of the changes in American political culture arising from the nation’s transformation into an urban, industrial nation. Topics to be emphasized include the reform traditions of Progressivism and the New Deal, the rise of American internationalism, and the development of a modern American culture. The course also uses appropriate era feature films to illustrate major themes in the nation’s development.
Meets general academic requirement HU (and W when offered as 228).
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HST 229, 230 - Recent US History Since 1945 1 course unit
An analysis of post-World War II America focusing on the fragmentation of the national consensus on domestic and foreign policy. Topics to be emphasized include The Cold War, McCarthyism, the civil rights revolution, the counter-culture of the 1960s, the Vietnam War, Watergate, the Reagan years, and the 1990s and beyond. The course also relies on feature films as documents from the appropriate era to illustrate major themes in the nation’s development.
Meets general academic requirement HU (and W when offered as 230).
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HST 235, 237 - American Civil War & Reconstruction 1 course unit
This course examines United States history from the coming of the American Civil War through Reconstruction, focusing on the causes, the war itself, its aftermath and consequences. The dramatic political, social, and cultural events surrounding the war, the end of slavery, and the reconfiguration of American society afterwards continue to define us even to this day. Why does the war remain a touchstone in the United States? How did the Civil War change American society? What issues remain unresolved? These guiding questions underlie this course’s exploration of the Civil War era. Topics to be covered include: the role of slavery in American politics, sectional conflict in the 1850s, women’s war efforts, the experience of battle for both soldiers and civilians, Native Americans and the war in the West, and the rise of white supremacy and Jim Crow in the post-war South.
Meets general academic requirement HU (and IL when offered as 237).
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HST 321, 322 - America Confronts a Revolutionary World: Foreign Policy Since 1890 1 course unit
This course analyzes the causes and consequences of America’s development as a world power. Topics to be considered include the rise of an American diplomatic tradition during the colonial/Revolutionary era, nineteenth century continental expansion, and the evolution of American internationalism in the twentieth century. Primary emphasis is given to twentieth century developments.
Meets general academic requirement HU (and W when offered as 322).
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HST 323, 324 - Constitutional History of the United States 1 course unit
This course traces the evolution and application of constitutional theories and concepts from our English forebears to the US today. The great controversies which reached the Supreme Court are examined in light of contemporary political and cultural values and of their enduring national importance.
Meets general academic requirement HU (and W when offered as 324).
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HST 325, 326 - American Economic History 1 course unit
This course, emphasizing the post-1860 period, examines both the roots of American economic growth and the impact that growth has had on American ideas, culture, and institutions. Topics to be considered include the rise of big business, changes in the internal structure of the business establishment, shifting attitudes of government toward business, development of a corporate culture, and the modern American economy.
Meets general academic requirement HU (and W when offered as 326).
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HST 327, 328 - Women’s America 1 course unit
Women, whether as daughters, wives, mothers, workers, scholars, or political activists, have played pivotal roles in American history. This course, an overview of American women’s history from colonial times to the present, examines the variety of women’s experiences through time by analyzing the myriad roles they played in the family, society, economy, and national politics. Specifically, using gender as its primary lens of analysis, this course seeks to uncover the broader contexts of American women’s experience by examining the dynamic interplay of women and men, values and culture, and discussing how structures of power linked especially to gender, but also to class and race, shaped women’s lives and mediated their experiences in the private and public worlds of America.
Meets general academic requirement HU (and W when offered as 328).
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HST 330 - Books & Their Readers 1 course unit
This writing-intensive class will explore the history and meanings of print from Johannes Gutenberg’s invention of the movable-type printing press to the advent of e-readers in the twenty-first century. Focusing primarily on the U.S. context, we will ask how, why, and what people have read, and what the meanings and consequences of reading have been for individuals, groups, and society at large. We will talk about the politics of literacy and censorship, the history of libraries, and the aesthetics of print. We will also think about books as objects, and about the history of their production, circulation, and consumption. The course includes hands-on work in Trexler Library Special Collections
Meets general academic requirement W, HU and is a linked (IL) course.
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HST 333 - American Military History 1 course unit
This course will explore the role that military combat has played in American history. Its primary focus will be on the American Revolution, the Civil War, World War I and II, and Vietnam. Students will discuss the causes of America’s wars, the primary military operations involved in each, and the impact each had on American society. Extensive reading and writing, independent thinking, and wide-open class discussions will be the highlights of the course.
Meets general academic requirement HU.
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HST 339 - Popular Protests: Parades, Riots, & Mass Movements in U.S. History 1 course unit
While American life has always had its critics and reformers, certain movements have gained mass appeal, sweeping large numbers of citizens into action (and into the streets). This course examines such social movements in order to think about both the issues that have stirred Americans and various modes of popular protest from speeches and parades to riots to marching on Washington. We will consider not just what Americans of various eras sought from their government and their fellow citizens, but also the language of protest and what it might tell us about citizenship, public space, community, belonging, and power. We will examine the contexts that have given rise to mass action and continuities across protest movements over time. Specific examples will be drawn from at least three periods of American history and may include abolitionism, women’s suffrage, labor movements, the Civil Rights and modern feminist movements, and others.
Meets general academic requirement HU.
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HST 341 - Environmental History of the United States 1 course unit
An environmental history of the United States from the English settlement to the present. An examination of the ideas and attitudes that shaped human impact on and interaction with the land and the environment. The course will also explore the influence of legislation, judicial decisions, and governmental policy upon the environment. In addition, it will examine land-use patterns and their significant changes over the past 400 years. The readings will emphasize relevant primary writings and recent scholarship.
Meets general academic requirement HU.
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HST 345 - Disease & Medicine in American History 1 course unit
This course focuses on the complex interplay of disease and medicine in the context of American culture and society over the last two centuries. It will examine the changing concepts of disease, the increasing success with which medicine has healed the body, and the development of the medical professions from the late eighteenth century to the present. It will also explore the ways in which Americans have employed diseases as social and cultural metaphors.
Meets general academic requirement HU.
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HST 347 - History of Public Health in America 1 course unit
This course will explore the history of public health in America from the late seventeenth century to the present. It will examine the history of medical crises that evoked a public health response, including the development of formal institutions of public health and the environmental, industrial, and social aspects of public health in the contexts of the changing medical, political, and social environments of the United States. Topics to be considered include epidemic diseases, environmental problems, industrial medicine, social issues such as smoking, and development of departments of public health on local, state, and national levels.
Meets general academic requirement HU.
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HST 357, 358 - Alternative America: The Losers’ History of the United States 1 course unit
Much of the history we read is written by the winners of past conflicts. This course examines major events in America’s past, such as the ratification of the Constitution, the sectional conflict of the antebellum era, and the industrialization of the late nineteenth century, from the perspective of the losers in those conflicts. We will consider the criticisms made by the losers and their alternatives to determine how different the United States might have been had they prevailed.
Meets general academic requirement HU (and W when offered as 358).
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HST 365, 366 - The African American Experience I: to 1896 1 course unit
This course examines the history of African Americans from colonial times until 1896, the year the Supreme Court sanctioned the notion of “separate but equal.” Specifically, it uses the writings of African Americans and other primary sources critical to their history to examine how events (such as the rise of slavery, the push for abolition, the Civil War, the start of Jim Crow) and cultural influences (such as race, class, gender, the law, Christianity, and family life) shaped African American lives and experiences until the end of the nineteenth century.
Meets general academic requirement DE and HU (and W when offered as 366).
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HST 367, 368 - The African American Experience II: since 1896 1 course unit
This course examines the history of African Americans from 1896, the year the Supreme Court sanctioned the notion of “separate but equal,” to the present. Specifically, it uses the writings of African Americans and other primary and secondary sources to examine how events (such as the rural exodus to urban centers after Plessy vs. Ferguson; the origins, progress, protest, and organizations of the modern civil and human rights movements; and urban renewal programs) and cultural influences (such as race, class, gender, the arts, the law, and the Church) shaped African American lives and experiences in the twentieth century.
Meets general academic requirement DE and HU (and W when offered as 368).
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Internship and Independent Study/Research |
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HST 960 - History Internship 1 course unit
Limited number of internships available for qualified seniors in such areas as museum and archival work.
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HST 970 - History Independent Study/Research
Each independent study/research course is to be designed in consultation with a faculty sponsor.
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Innovation and Entrepreneurship |
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INE 101 - Introduction to Innovation & Entrepreneurship 1 course unit
Students explore the basic concepts in the continuing processes of creativity, innovation, and entrepreneurship. Students will explore how entrepreneurs identify opportunities in the market and validate their ideas with customers using the business model canvas and lean methodologies. The course explores what it means to be an entrepreneur and how to develop the “entrepreneurial mindset” In the context of the entrepreneurial enterprise, some fundamental concepts from economics, accounting, budgeting, management, marketing, finance, and operations will be introduced. Students will also explore the role of teams and networks in venture creation. The course may include readings, speakers, videos, and case studies. Students will pitch an idea for a new venture.
Meets general academic requirement SL.
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INE 201 - New Venture Creation 1 course unit
Student teams will identify an entrepreneurial opportunity, select a concept and develop it through the creation of a real business and formal business plan. Students will investigate the competitive environment, conduct marketing analysis and surveys, develop requirements and/or prototypes, and consider the components of successful strategies for marketing, production, finance, publicity, distribution, etc. As a result of the business planning project, students will gain a better understanding of team building and management.
Prerequisite(s): INE 101 Introduction to Innovation & Entrepreneurship
Meets general academic requirement SL.
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INE 211 - Entrepreneurship in the Arts 1 course unit
“You can’t make a living as an artist!” Now, more than ever, these “words-of-wisdom” given ‘round the dinner table by your elders no longer hold true. In the 21st century, the opportunities to live as an artist and maker are ever more available to those who choose to pursue them.
In this course, we will explore how an entrepreneurial mindset can help today’s artists see themselves as entrepreneurs who generate artistic, social, and economic value. Whether it’s setting yourself up for success in the gig-economy or developing an innovative venture with an artistic focus, this course will challenge you to use your creativity and adaptability to make the career you want for yourself in the arts.
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INE 215 - The Business of Booze: Entreprenuership in the Craft Beverage Industry 1 course unit
The last 40 years have seen the birth and blossoming of a robust craft beverage industry in the united states. From brewpubs to urban wineries, from meaderies to wholesalers, from distilleries to cideries, the beverage space has exploded with opportunities and failures. This course will go into the nuts and bolts of this vibrant and chaotic industry, looking at a variety of business models and cases. We’ll explore the checkered American history of alcohol, and wrestle with the societal effects of selling a legal toxin that is old as human society itself. We will also explore equity issues within the industry.
Meets general academic requirement SL.
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INE 350 - The Practice of Entreprenuership 1 course unit
As juniors or seniors, students will apply their knowledge and experience in a venture of their own, or work in the community. The experiential components of the Practicum will be augmented by lectures, presentations, and in-depth interactions between students and Practicum faculty focusing on the skills required to start and scale a new venture. Lectures include such topics as: equity splits, legal structures, strategy and tactics, troubleshooting and pivoting, presentation skills, ethics and financial acuity. At the completion of the Practicum, students will document and critically reflect on their Practicum experience in the form of a portfolio outlining their experience and reflecting upon what they have learned.
Prerequisite(s): Completion of all other courses for the Innovation & Entrepreneurship minor
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INE 960 - Innovation & Entrepreneurship Internship 1 course unit
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INE 970 - Innovation and Entrepreneurship Independent Study/Research
Each independent study/research course is to be designed in consultation with a faculty sponsor.
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Intergroup Dialogue |
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IGD 150 - Intergroup Dialogue .5 course unit
In our pluralistic society, it is vital for people to develop the capacity to address issues of difference and inequality in honest and productive ways. Students in this class will engage in facilitated dialogues about social identity with other students whose identities differ from their own. Participants will read, view, and discuss scholarly and artistic material about social difference, give voice to their own experiences, and listen to and learn from the views of others. The class will investigate how systems of oppression such as racism and sexism affect different groups and examine processes of alliance-building to combat those systems. Regular writing assignments will provide opportunities for students to extend and deepen their in-class learning. Students will also explore ways to apply what they learn through the dialogue process toward goals of transformative change and social justice at both interpersonal and communal levels.
Meets first 9 weeks of the semester.
Meets general academic requirement DE and IL when two IGD courses are taken.
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Italian |
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ITL 101 - Elementary Italian I 1 course unit
ITL 101 provides an interactive introduction to the language and culture of contemporary Italy. This course uses a unique curriculum designed specifically for Muhlenberg students and based on Spunti, a free, online textbook authored by Muhlenberg faculty. Grammar and vocabulary are taught through a dynamic, student-centered approach, enabling students to learn through communication. Class is conducted almost entirely in Italian. ITL 101 is intended for students with little to no knowledge of Italian. Assignment by placement test. Four class hours per week.
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ITL 102 - Elementary Italian II 1 course unit
This course begins with a brief review of the topics covered in ITL 101, and then builds upon that foundation to expand and strengthen students’ language skills and knowledge of contemporary Italian culture. Like ITL 101, this course provides an interactive introduction to the language and culture of contemporary Italy. We use a unique curriculum designed specifically for Muhlenberg students and based on Spunti, a free, online textbook authored by Muhlenberg faculty. Grammar and vocabulary are taught through a dynamic, student-centered approach, enabling students to learn through communication. Class is conducted almost entirely in Italian. ITL 102 is intended for students with a limited knowledge of Italian. Assignment by placement test. Four class hours per week.
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ITL 203 - Intermediate Italian I 1 course unit
This course is the first semester of the Intermediate Italian language sequence. Students continue to deepen and refine their knowledge and command of Italian language and culture, building upon the skills acquired in Elementary Italian. In lieu of a standard textbook, language is taught through Spunti, a complete program of Italian instruction designed by the Muhlenberg Italian faculty. Italian 203 uses authentic examples of Italian cultural production, such as films, songs, commercials, and literary excerpts, as the starting points (or spunti) for analysis of grammar and exploration of contemporary Italian culture and society. Each spunto provides varied activities for the improvement of students’ linguistic and cultural competence in a dynamic and communicative environment. This class is designed for students with a strong foundation in basic Italian. Assignment by placement test. Three class hours per week.
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ITL 204 - Intermediate Italian II 1 course unit
This course is the second semester of the Intermediate Italian language sequence. Students continue to deepen and refine their knowledge and command of Italian language and culture. In lieu of a standard textbook, language is taught through Spunti, a complete program of Italian instruction designed by the Muhlenberg Italian faculty. Italian 204 uses authentic examples of Italian cultural production, such as films, songs, commercials, and literary excerpts, as the starting points (or spunti) for analysis of grammar and exploration of contemporary Italian culture, society, and history. Each spunto provides varied activities for the improvement of students’ linguistic and cultural competence in a dynamic and communicative environment. This class is designed for students with a strong foundation in basic Italian and some facility with more complex grammatical structures. Assignment by placement test. Three class hours per week.
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ITL 220 - Italian American Experience 1 course unit
This course examines the diverse experiences of Italian Americans beginning with the massive immigration of Italians in the late 19th century to their integration into the American mainstream in the late 20th century. Among the topics addressed in the course are the historical factors that led Italians to leave Italy in the late 19th century; the social, political, and cultural challenges they faced upon arrival in the U.S.; the creation of a distinctive Italian American cultural identity in the Little Italys established throughout the U.S.; the role class, gender, race, and religion play in the formation and representation of Italian American identity; the dissolution of ethnic urban enclaves and the entry of Italian Americans into the American mainstream as white ethnics; and the various ways contemporary Italian Americans resist assimilation by reclaiming their “roots” through art, literature, and politics. This interdisciplinary course will include film, art, and music in addition to literary works, social science, and history. Taught in English.
Meets general academic requirements HU, DE, and is a cluster course.
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ITL 313 - Italian Theatre 1 course unit
From the piazza to the opera house, from the puppets of Sicily to the Carnival masks of Venice, from the noble courts of the Renaissance to the sound stages of Italian State Television, the social life of Italy has been characterized by spectacle. In this course we will explore the history and variety of Italian theatre defined broadly to include public processions, court spectacles, erudite comedy, opera, modern drama, cinema, television, and more. We will delve deep into some of the most important texts of the Italian tradition by authors such as Machiavelli, Pirandello, and Pasolini, and learn much not only about Italian literature, culture, and politics, but also about the possibilities and the limits of the stage itself. We will pay special attention to the concept of spectacle and examine its many forms and functions in Italian life. This course is taught in English and no knowledge of Italian language is necessary.
Meets general academic requirements HU and W.
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ITL 315 - Eatalians: An Exploration of Italian Culinary Culture 1 course unit
Food is an intrinsic element in the shaping of cultural identities—both individual and communal—as it is interwoven throughout all aspects of culture. This course delves into the history of Italian food and the representations of food in Italian cultural production from the Middle Ages to the present, examining its historical, social, economic, political, artistic, and symbolic values. Among other things, we will read texts by authors such as Dante, Boccaccio, Goldoni, Manzoni, Verga, Fenoglio and Levi; explore the diet of famous Italians such as Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Casanova; examine the presence of food in important paintings from the Renaissance and Mannerist periods; analyze the role of food in films and advertisements, and read news pertaining to our topics. Throughout, the course highlights the diverse roles and functions of food (or lack thereof), and examines the perceptions and realities of Italian food as conceived by foreigners as well as Italians. We will, in particular, consider staples of the Italian and Mediterranean diet—such as bread, pasta, pizza, wine, extra-virgin olive oil, and cheese—as lenses through which to learn about the people who consume them, and as sources of sustenance, pleasure, and troubles.
Meets general academic requirement HU and is a linked (IL) course.
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ITL 321 - Italian Cities in Italian Cinema 1 course unit
The title of this course recalls the name of the Italian national film studio, Cinecittà, which translates literally as “Cinema City.” Taking its cue from this compound neologism, the course will pursue a double objective: we will explore Italian cinema by watching, studying and analyzing major works of Italian film culture from the post-war period to the present from a wide variety of genres and styles; and we will examine the astounding transformation of Italian society, politics, and culture from 1945 to the present, as embodied in the country’s urban landscapes. In so doing, we will learn to read and interpret Italian films on their own turf, so to speak, and with attention to their particular systems of code (cinematic and architectural); and we will learn to read and interpret Italian cities, not as the shiny, Disneyfied tourist destinations featured in Hollywood movies or tourism websites, but as living organisms, shaped by politics, greed, crime, war, artistic ideals, the daily struggles and joys of residents, and even by cinema itself. This course is taught in English and no knowledge of Italian language is necessary.
Meets general academic requirement HU.
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ITL 323 - Jewish Italy 1 course unit
The Jews of Italy constitute the most ancient uninterrupted Jewish community outside of Israel, dating back at least to the first century B.C.E. Over the course of the last 2100 years, the Jewish minority in Italy has experienced periods of freedom and cultural brilliance, as well as moments of repression and violent persecution. This course explores the history, culture, literature, and art of Italian Jews, beginning with their ancient origins, through the Renaissance, the ghetto period, political emancipation, Fascist persecution, the Shoah, the post-war return, and the present day. We will discover the multifaceted nature of this long-lived group, and the many ways in which the Jews of Italy have sought to adapt to changing political and social conditions in order to survive. This course is taught in English and no knowledge of Italian language is necessary.
Meets general academic requirements HU and DE.
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ITL 970 - Italian Independent Study/Research
Each independent study/research course is to be designed in consultation with a faculty sponsor.
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International Studies |
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IST 101 - Introduction to International Studies 1 course unit
This interdisciplinary course introduces students to the various approaches applied by analysts from disciplines, such as political science, sociology, history, and economics in order to understand and address issues, such as development, domestic environmental problems, public health, internal conflict, state formation and governance, human rights, facing peoples and states within the international community, and issues such as the impact of globalization, international conflict, global climate change and energy issues, the global impact of disease, etc., facing the international community as a whole.
Meets general academic requirement SL.
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IST 960 - International Studies Internship 1 course unit
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IST 970 - International Studies Independent Study/Research
Each independent study/research course is to be designed in consultation with a faculty sponsor.
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Jewish Studies |
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JST 109 - Jewish Experience in a Secular Age 1 course unit
This course will explore secular Jewish experiences in the modern west. We will examine how traditional Jewish society has been transformed by new ideas and new social realities by exploring the many and multifaceted ways that Jews have constructed modern, secular identities in the wake of those transformations. Using a variety of primary and secondary sources, as well as film and literature, this course will consider the ways in which Jewish identity has been defined and redefined in the modern period across Europe and the United States. Particular attention will be paid to questions of gender and the ways that men and women each experienced processes of modernization and secularization.
Meets general academic requirement HU.
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JST 201 - American Jewish Life & Culture 1 course unit
This course will offer a history of Jewish life in the United States. It will examine the different ways that American Jews have defined Jewish life in America and consider the challenges faced by Jewish immigrants as they worked to build a distinctly American Jewish culture. The tension and balance between religious meaning and the value placed on secularism in America form a vital part of this study.
Meets general academic requirement HU.
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JST 203, 204 - From Zion to Zionism: History of Jewish Nationalism 1 course unit
The very words Zion and Zionist have become powerful political signifiers both within and without Jewish communities, as well as in international discourse. Why are these words so hotly contested, and what do they signify? This course examines the historical evolution of modern Zionism. It considers the different religious, political, and cultural forms that Jewish nationalist thought has taken over the course of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and situates these ideas within their historic and geographic contexts. Students will read the works of Jewish nationalist thinkers like Theodore Herzi, Max Nordau, Ahad Ha’am, Yitzchak Baer, Simon Dubnow, and Louis Brandeis and analyze their competing visions of Jewish nationhood and the specific historical concerns that fuel the emergence of different nationalist ideologies.
Meets general academic requirement HU (and W when offered as 204).
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JST 450 - CUE: Jewish Studies Capstone Culminating Undergraduate Experience Seminar 1 course unit
This course will provide an integrative learning experience for majors and interested minors who have completed, or are in the process of completing, their Jewish Studies coursework. Faculty and students will work together to explore a topic in-depth, focusing on both theoretical and methodological questions and approaches. Students will work on a research project that draws on their knowledge of Jewish Studies and helps them to develop a more sophisticated understanding of the field and its intersections with other academic disciplines. Students will be expected to keep a journal about their work as it advances, and to participate in regular discussions about their research with the class. The semester will culminate in a final research project.
Meets general academic requirement W.
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JST 470 - Honors Thesis in Jewish Studies 1 course unit
The Honors Program is open to Jewish Studies majors who have demonstrated a high level of interest in the field and have proven to be consistently excellent students. It offers students the opportunity to pursue a self-designed research project, demonstrating familiarity with some of the central issues in the field of Jewish Studies and mastery of the research subject. All students will work in close consultation with a faculty thesis advisor, as well as with at least two other faculty members who will form a thesis committee. All questions about the Honors Thesis should be directed to the Program director.
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JST 970 - Jewish Studies Independent Study/Research
Each independent study/research course is to be designed in consultation with a faculty sponsor.
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Languages, Literatures, and Cultures |
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LLC 211 - Books Without Borders 1 course unit
This course is a survey of world literature from a transnational perspective. We will learn to closely read literary, visual and cultural texts from diverse cultures and geographies. The study of world literature is a mode of cross-cultural reading that goes beyond the Western Canon without excluding it. Many of our course texts emerge from and comment on contact zones and boundary spaces between cultures, places, and bodies. We will ask how such texts interrupt, construct, and inspire lived experience. Furthermore we will study relationships between texts to uncover how they reflect on, depend on, or revise one another. We will also explore the process, politics, and implications of translation. This course challenges students to learn the tools of textual analysis that make us receptive to form, genre, and historical context. We will discuss how world literatures can shape who we are, what we value, and what we imagine for the future. Class taught in English.
Meets general academic requirement HU and DE.
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LLC 215 - Contemporary Latin American & Latino Drama 1 course unit
This course is an introduction to theater and cultural politics in the Americas since the late 1950s and comprises selections of twelve 20th and 21st century plays written by Latin American and Latino/a authors. The Latin American plays will be read in translation and the Latino plays will be read in English or Spanglish. In this course we will focus on how the texts reflect Latin American cultural character and world views by studying the historical background that shaped the writing of each play.
Meets general academic requirement DE.
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LLC 410 - Early Modern Spanish Drama in Translation 1 course unit
Since the Spanish Renaissance, theater has been a mechanism for denunciation and no small amount of public controversy. Cervantes, in his Interludes, urges the public to re-think society using lenses of irony and laughter, while other mayor playwrights during the Golden Age such as Lope de Vega, Tirso de Molina, Calderón de la Barca or Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, denounce a society blinded by its own honor code and deadly obsessions with purity of blood. Drawing upon this background as context, this course cultivates a global understanding of the literary and the socio-historical evolution of peninsular drama from the early XVI to the end of the XVII century. By deeply analyzing controversial Spanish dramatic masterpieces we will explore the problem of Spanish national identity through its emerging imperial processes of political and cultural exclusion.
Meets general academic requirement W.
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Mathematics |
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MTH 101 - Topics in Mathematics 1 course unit
Topics selected from various areas of mathematics such as discrete mathematics, logic, number systems, geometry, probability, and graph theory. Designed to give the student an appreciation of mathematics as an integral part of our culture, this course includes applications to various other disciplines. Intended for students with no prior college-level mathematical experience. Not open to students who have completed MTH 119 Statistical Analysis or any higher-numbered mathematics course.
Meets general academic requirement RG.
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MTH 114 - Fundamentals of Mathematics 1 course unit
A study of fundamental mathematical principles underlying the concepts of number and shape. Topics include number systems, number theory, measurement systems, geometry, and functions with emphasis on applications and problem solving.
Meets general academic requirement RG.
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MTH 116 - Symmetry & Shape: Introduction to Geometry 1 course unit
An introduction to the geometric concepts underlying elementary mathematics: properties of circles, polygons and polyhedra, measurement systems and indirect measure, scale and proportion, symmetry, congruence, informal Euclidean geometry, geometric constructions, and transformational geometry. Applications feature mathematical patterns found in art and nature: the golden ratio, Platonic solids, tessellations in the plane, frieze and wallpaper patterns, scale drawings, 3-D drawing, one- and two-point perspective, and viewing point.
Meets general academic requirement RG.
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MTH 119 - Statistical Analysis 1 course unit
Designed for all students interested in learning to summarize and analyze data. Topics include exploratory data analysis, sampling distributions, simulation, bootstrapping, randomization distributions, confidence intervals, hypothesis testing, regression analysis, sampling procedures, experimental design, analysis of variance, and chi-square analysis. R with Rstudio is introduced for statistical computing and analyzing real-world data.
Prerequisite(s): 3.5 years of high school mathematics.
Meets general academic requirement RG.
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MTH 121 - Calculus I 1 course unit
Differentiation of algebraic and transcendental functions, application of the derivative to related rates, max-min problems, L’Hôpital’s Rule, and graphing. Introduction to integration, the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus.
Prerequisite(s): 3.5 years of high school mathematics.
Meets general academic requirement RG.
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MTH 122 - Calculus II 1 course unit
A continuation of MTH 121. Applications of the integral, integration techniques, numerical integration, infinite sequences and series, Taylor Series, and improper integrals.
Prerequisite(s): MTH 121 Calculus I .
Meets general academic requirement RG.
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MTH 219, 220 - Statistical Models 1 course unit
This course is an intermediate applied statistics course that builds on the statistical data analysis methods introduced in MTH 119 Statistical Analysis . Emphasis will be placed on the use of statistical software to process data, fit statistical models, and assess the models’ performance. Topics covered will include experimental design, analysis of variance, multiple regression, variable selection, model comparison, and logistic regression.
Prerequisite(s): MTH 119 Statistical Analysis or MTH 332 Mathematical Statistics .
Is a linked (IL) course when offered as 220.
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MTH 223 - Calculus III 1 course unit
Focuses on extending techniques from one-dimensional calculus to multivariable calculus - including limits, continuity, derivatives, finding maxima and minima, integrals, and finding volumes. Topics include parametric equations, vectors, vector-valued functions, curves and surfaces in space, line integrals, vector fields, divergence, curl, the fundamental theorem of line integrals, Green’s theorem, and the Divergence theorem.
Prerequisite(s): MTH 122 Calculus II .
Meets general academic requirement SC.
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MTH 226 - Linear Algebra 1 course unit
Matrices and systems of linear equations, determinants, real vector spaces and inner product spaces, linear transformations, eigenvalue problems, and applications.
Prerequisite(s): MTH 122 Calculus II .
Meets general academic requirement SC.
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MTH 227 - Differential Equations 1 course unit
A study of the theory, methods of solution, and applications of differential equations and systems of differential equations. Topics will include the Laplace Transform, some numerical methods, and applications from the physical sciences and geometry.
Prerequisite(s): MTH 122 Calculus II .
Meets general academic requirement SC.
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MTH 240 - Transition to Abstract Mathematics 1 course unit
An introduction to abstract mathematical thought with emphasis on understanding and applying definitions, writing arguments to prove valid statements, and providing counterexamples to disprove invalid ones. Topics may include logic, introductory set theory, and elementary number theory, but the focus is on the process of reasoning rather than any particular subject or subdiscipline. It is strongly recommended that mathematics majors complete this course by the end of the sophomore year.
Prerequisite(s): MTH 122 Calculus II .
Meets general academic requirement W
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MTH 314 - Applied Mathematics & Modeling 1 course unit
Models describing physical and economic conditions will be constructed, analyzed, and tested. The computer will be used in model verification.
Prerequisite(s): MTH-227: Differential Equations
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MTH 318 - Operations Research 1 course unit
Linear programming, the transportation model, dynamic programming, decision analysis, game theory, and inventory and queuing models.
Prerequisite(s): MTH 226 Linear Algebra .
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MTH 328 - Codes & Ciphers 1 course unit
This course is an introduction to the classical and modern methods for encoding secret messages (cryptography) and the science of breaking codes and ciphers (cryptanalysis). It blends the history of secret writing, the art of creating codes, and the mathematics underlying the theory and practice of encryption and decryption. Topics include substitution and transposition ciphers, applications of number theory to cryptanalysis, Vigenere and Hill ciphers, statistical methods in cryptanalysis, RSA encryption, and other public-key ciphers.
Prerequisite(s): Any 200-level MTH course.
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MTH 331 - Probability 1 course unit
A study of probability, discrete and continuous random variables, the binomial, normal, Poisson, chi-square, t, and F distribution.
Prerequisite(s): MTH 122 Calculus II .
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MTH 332 - Mathematical Statistics 1 course unit
A continuation of MTH 331. Topics will include estimation, hypothesis testing, regression, correlation, and analysis of variance.
Prerequisite(s): MTH 119 Statistical Analysis and MTH 331 Probability .
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MTH 337 - Mathematical Analysis 1 course unit
Rigorous treatment of the real number system, sequence and function limits, continuity, differentiability, intermediate and mean value theorems, uniform continuity, the Riemann integral, and the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus.
Offered in alternate years.
Prerequisite(s): MTH 223 Calculus III and MTH 240 Transition to Abstract Mathematics .
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MTH 340 - CUE: The Matrix Revisited 1 course unit
This course is a follow-up course to MTH 226 Linear Algebra focusing on applications, particularly involving large data sets. The course is structured to emphasize “mathematics in action” and will have many project-based components. Topics include image and sound compression and manipulation, least squares, non-symmetric Eigenvalue problems, symmetric Eigenvalues and singular value decomposition, principal component analysis, and iterative methods. These are all techniques/topics used in applied business, science, and industry.
Prerequisite(s): MTH 226 Linear Algebra
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MTH 342 - Advanced Geometry 1 course unit
An axiomatic approach to Euclidean geometry. The exploration of non-Euclidean geometries, including hyperbolic geometry. The study of transformational geometries.
Offered in alternate years.
Prerequisite(s): MTH 240 Transition to Abstract Mathematics .
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